BAB Tiga Metode Penelitian: Software development

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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Metode
pengembangan sistem <i><a class="zem_slink" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waterfall" rel="wikipedia" target="_blank" title="Waterfall">waterfall</a></i>. Model <a class="zem_slink" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synchronous_Data_Link_Control" rel="wikipedia" target="_blank" title="Synchronous Data Link Control">SDLC</a> air terjun (<i>waterfall</i>) sering juga disebut model
sekuensial linier (<i>sequential linier</i>).
Model air terjun menyediakan pendekatan alur hidup perangkat lunak secara
sekuensial atau urut dimulai dari analisis, desain, pengkodean, pengujian dan
tahap support (Rosa dan Shalahuddin, 2011). Berikut  adalah gambar model air terjun :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Gambar Ilustrasi Model <i>Waterfall</i></span></b><b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> </span></i></b><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Sumber : </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Rosa dan Shalahuddin, 2011</span><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">    </span></span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Analisis<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Analisis
sistem dilakukan untuk mengidentifikasikan dan mengevaluasi
permasalahan-permasalahan, hambatan-hambatan yang terjadi dan
kebutuhan-kebutuhan yang diharapkan sehingga dapat diusulkan
perbaikan-perbaikan.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Pada
tahap ini dilakukan dalam analisa sistem antara lain :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">a.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">      
</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Analisa Identifikasi Masalah<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Identifikasi masalah merupakan langkah
awal dari analisis sistem. Dalam tahap ini didefinisikan masalah yang harus
dipecahkan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">b.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">     
</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Analisa Kebutuhan <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Menganalisis
kebutuhan pemakai sistem perangkat lunak (<i>user</i>)
dan mengembangkan kebutuhan <i>user</i>. (Rosa
dan Shalahuddin, 2011).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">c.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">      
</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Analisa Kelayakan Sistem<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Studi kelayakan
digunakan untuk menentukan kemungkinan keberhasilan solusi yang diusulkan.
Tahapan ini berguna untuk memastikan bahwa solusi yang diusulkan tersebut
benar-benar dapat dicapai</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"> (Kadir, 2003)</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Dalam tahap ini akan dilakukan analisa
kelayakan sebagai berikut :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">   </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Kelayakan
Teknis<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Studi mengenai fungsi, kinerja dan
batasan yang dapat mempengaruhi kemampuan untuk mencapai sebuah sistem yang
dapat diterima (Pressman, 1997).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">   </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Kelayakan
Operasional<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Analisa kebutuhan utama yang diperlukan
dari suatu sistem baru yang akan dijalankan agar sistem tersebut dapat berjalan
sesuai dengan prosedur yang ada. Studi kelayakan operasional menggunakan
kerangka kerja PIECES (<i>Performance,
Information, Economic, Control, Efficiency, Services</i>).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">   </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Kelayakan
Ekonomi<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Evaluasi pengembangan dibobot dengan
pemasukan utama atau keuntungan yang didapat dari sistem atau produk yang
dikembangkan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Dalam kelayakan ekonomi ini akan
digunakan metode kuantitatif untuk perhitungan biaya.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">a)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">      </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Metode
Periode Pengembalian (<i>Payback Period)</i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Metode
ini menilai proyek investasi dengan dasar lamanya investasi tersebut dapat
tertutup dengan aliran-aliran kas masuk (Jogiyanto, 2005).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;">Payback
period</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;"> = </span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-text-raise: -27.0pt; position: relative; top: 27.0pt;"><v:shapetype coordsize="21600,21600" filled="f" id="_x0000_t75" o:preferrelative="t" o:spt="75" path="m@4@5l@4@11@9@11@9@5xe" stroked="f">
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</v:imagedata></v:shape></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">  </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">x 12</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> bulan</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">b)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">      </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Metode
Pengembalian Investasi (<i>Return Of
Invesment</i>)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Metode <i>return of invesment</i> digunakan untuk
mengukur prosentase manfaat yang dihasilkan oleh proyek dibandingkan dengan
biaya yang dikeluarkan (Jogiyanto, 2005). <i>Return
of Invesment </i>dari suatu proyek dapat dihitung dengan rumus :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;">ROI
= </span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-text-raise: -22.5pt; position: relative; top: 22.5pt;"><v:shape id="_x0000_i1025" style="height: 36.75pt; width: 153.75pt;" type="#_x0000_t75">
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;">Jika
ROI  > 0, maka dapat diterima.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;">Jika
ROI  < 0, maka tidak dapat diterima.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">c)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">     
</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;">Metode Nilai Sekarang Bersih <i>(Net Present Value)</i></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Metode nilai sekarang bersih (<i>net present value</i>)</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"> merupakan metode yang
memperhatikan nilai waktu dari uang. metode ini menggunakan suku bunga diskonto
yang akan mempengaruhi <i>proceed</i> atau
arus dari uangnya (Jogiyanto, 2005). Besarnya NPV bila  dinyatakan dalam rumus adalah :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;">NPV
= -NilaiProyek+</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-text-raise: -26.5pt; position: relative; top: 26.5pt;"><v:shape id="_x0000_i1025" style="height: 42.75pt; width: 113.25pt;" type="#_x0000_t75">
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</v:imagedata></v:shape></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;">+…</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-text-raise: -26.5pt; position: relative; top: 26.5pt;"><v:shape id="_x0000_i1025" style="height: 42.75pt; width: 48.75pt;" type="#_x0000_t75">
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</v:imagedata></v:shape></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 90.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 2.15pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;">Keterangan
:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 128.15pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 358.5pt; text-indent: -36.0pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-language: IN;">NPV </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-language: IN;">:</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Net Present Value</span></i><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-language: IN;">.<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 128.15pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 358.5pt; text-indent: -36.0pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-language: IN;">i </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-language: IN;">       :</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-language: IN;">T</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-language: IN;">ingkat bunga diskon
diperhitungkan</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-language: IN;">.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 128.15pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 358.5pt; text-indent: -36.0pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-language: IN;">n </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-language: IN;">      : U</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-language: IN;">mur proyek investasi</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-language: IN;">.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 128.15pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 358.5pt; text-indent: -36.0pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Jika NPV > 0, maka investasi dapat diterima</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-language: IN;">.</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 128.15pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 358.5pt; text-indent: -36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Jika
NPV < 0, maka investasi tidak dapat diterima.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 90.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo5; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">d)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">     
</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;">Metode Tingkat Pengembalian Internal <i>(Internal Rate of Return)</i></span><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 90.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 37.6pt;">
<i><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Internal Rate of Return</span></i><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"> merupakan metode yang memperhatikan nilai
waktu dari uang. Pada metode NPV, tingkat bunga yang diinginkan telah
ditetapkan sebelumnya, sedangkan pada metode IRR ini justru tingkat bunga
tersebut yang akan dihitung (Jogiyanto, 2005). Rumus perhitungannya adalah
sebagai berikut :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><v:shape id="_x0000_i1025" style="height: 42pt; width: 149.25pt;" type="#_x0000_t75">
 <v:imagedata chromakey="white" o:title="" src="file:///C:\Users\sundawa\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image005.png">
</v:imagedata></v:shape></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 92.15pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Keterangan
:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 6.0cm; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 163.05pt; text-indent: -41.95pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-language: IN;">i1         :
 Tingkat bunga pertama yang menyebabkan
NPV positif.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 6.0cm; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 163.05pt; text-indent: -41.95pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-language: IN;">i2         :  Tingkat
bunga kedua yang menyebabkan NPV negatif.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 6.0cm; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 163.05pt; text-indent: -41.95pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-language: IN;">NPV1
: NPV positif dengan tingkat bunga i1.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 6.0cm; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 163.05pt; text-indent: -41.95pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-language: IN;">NPV2
: NPV negatif dengan tingkat bunga i2.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 70.9pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">4)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">   </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Kelayakan
Hukum</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Pertimbangan mengenai pelanggaran,
kekasaran atau liabilitas yang dihasilkan dari pengembangan sistem. </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -14.15pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">    </span></span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Desain<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 35.45pt; text-indent: 36.55pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Desain
perangkat lunak adalah proses multi langkah yang focus pada desain pembuatan
program perangkat lunak termasuk struktur data, arsitektur perangkat lunak,
representasi antarmuka, dan prosedur pengodean. Tahap ini mentranslasi
kebutuhan perangkat lunak dari tahap analisis kebutuhan ke representasi desain
agar dapat diimplementasikan menjadi program pada tahap selanjutnya (Rosa dan
Shalahuddin, 2011).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 35.45pt; text-indent: 36.55pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Pada
tahap desain dilakukan perancangan antara lain:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 49.65pt; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">a.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">   
</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Perancangan Proses<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 49.65pt; text-indent: 21.25pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Rancangan
proses berupa diagram alir data atau <i>data
flow diagram</i> (DFD).</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Perancangan
Proses</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;"> yang digunakan adalah model logika yang mana
model logika lebih menjelaskan kepada <i>user</i>
bagaimana nantinya fungsi-fungsi</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">sistem informasi secara logika akan bekerja</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 49.65pt; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">b.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">   
</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Perancangan Basis Data<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 49.65pt; text-indent: 21.25pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Perancangan
yang dimaksud dalam tahap ini adalah menentukan dan menunjukan hubungan antara <i>entity </i>dan relasinya (<i>Entity Relationship Diagram</i>).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 49.65pt; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">c.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">   
</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Perancangan Tabel<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 49.65pt; text-indent: 21.25pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Rancangan
berupa tabel-tabel yang digunakan dalam pembuatan sistem.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 49.65pt; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">d.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">   
</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Perancangan Antarmuka<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 49.65pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Desain </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">aplikasi
</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">adalah tahap yang harus dilakukan sebelum mulai membuat </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">aplikasi</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">. Konsep rancangan dalam mendesain halaman </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">aplikasi</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;"> adalah tampilan pada halaman </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">aplikasi</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;"> yang akan </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">dipergunakan </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">oleh pengguna.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 49.65pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 49.65pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -14.15pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">    </span></span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Pengodean<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 35.45pt; text-indent: 36.55pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Desain
harus ditranslasikan ke dalam program perangkat lunak. Hasil dari tahap ini
adalah program komputer sesuai dengan desain yang telah dibuat pada tahap
desain (Rosa dan Shalahuddin, 2011).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 35.45pt; text-indent: 36.55pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -14.15pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">4.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">    </span></span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Pengujian<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 35.45pt; text-indent: 36.55pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Pengujian
fokus pada perangkat lunak secara dari segi lojik dan fungsional dan memastikan
bahwa semua bagian sudah diuji. Hal ini dilakukan untuk meminimalisir kesalahan
(<i>error</i>) dan memastikan keluaran yang
dihasilkan sesuai yang diinginkan (Rosa dan Shalahuddin, 2011). Dalam
penelitian ini pengujian sistem akan menggunakan pengujian <i>Black-Box</i>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 35.45pt; text-indent: 42.5pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Pengujian
<i>Black-box </i>berfokus pada persyaratan
fungsional perangkat lunak. Dengan demikian, pengujian metode ini memungkinkan
perekayasa perangkat lunak mendapatkan serangkaian kondisi input yang
sepenuhnya menggunakan samua persyaratan fungsional untuk suatu program (Pressman,
1997).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />

SDLC air terjun (waterfall) menurut Rosa

Metode pengembangan sistem waterfall . Model SDLC air terjun ( waterfall ) sering juga disebut model sekuensial linier ( sequential linier...

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SDLC air terjun (waterfall) menurut Rosa

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